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Assessing the Structure of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire in Fibromyalgia Patients Using Common Factor Analytic Approaches
Charles Van Liew,Jeremy Kang,Larissa Edwards,Maya S. Santoro,Terry A. Cronan
- , 2016, DOI: 10.1155/2016/7297826
Abstract:
The Good Life: Assessing the Relative Importance of Physical, Psychological, and Self-Efficacy Statuses on Quality of Well-Being in Osteoarthritis Patients
Charles Van Liew,Maya S. Santoro,Arielle K. Chalfant,Soujanya Gade,Danielle L. Casteel,Mitsuo Tomita,Terry A. Cronan
Arthritis , 2013, DOI: 10.1155/2013/914216
Abstract: Background and Purpose. The purpose of the present study was to examine the interrelationships among physical dysfunction, self-efficacy, psychological distress, exercise, and quality of well-being for people with osteoarthritis. It was predicted that exercise would mediate the relationships between physical dysfunction, self-efficacy, psychological distress, and quality of well-being. Methods. Participants were 363 individuals with osteoarthritis who were 60 years of age or older. Data were collected from the baseline assessment period prior to participating in a social support and education intervention. A series of structural equation models was used to test the predicted relationships among the variables. Results. Exercise did not predict quality of well-being and was not related to self-efficacy or psychological distress; it was significantly related to physical dysfunction. When exercise was removed from the model, quality of life was significantly related to self-efficacy, physical dysfunction, and psychological distress. Conclusions. Engagement in exercise was directly related to physical functioning, but none of the other latent variables. Alternatively, treatment focused on self-efficacy and psychological distress might be the most effective way to improve quality of well-being. 1. The Interrelationships of Self-Efficacy, Psychological Distress, Physical Dysfunction, Exercise, and Quality of Well-Being among People with Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disorder, characterized by degeneration of cartilage creating joint pain and stiffness that worsen over time, most often affecting the hips and knees and leading to disability [1–3]. OA is the most common form of arthritis and affects close to 27 million Americans [4, 5]. After the age of 65, 60% of men and 70% of women experience OA [6]. OA is a leading cause of chronic pain, disability, and functional impairments [6]. Besides joint replacement, the most effective treatments available for OA consist of a combination of pharmacotherapy and behavioral self-management techniques [7]. Behavioral interventions have been shown to reduce the severity of symptoms associated with OA [8–10]. Behavioral treatments are largely focused on pain reduction and management and facilitation of mobility and physical functioning [11]. However, several factors affect the success of these treatments, including exercise, physical dysfunction, self-efficacy, and psychological distress [11]. These factors have been examined individually for their impact on quality of well-being in the OA population but have
Mood States are Not Associated with BMI in Mentally Healthy Adults  [PDF]
Charles Halloran van Wijk
Psychology (PSYCH) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/psych.2011.25076
Abstract: The relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and mental health has been widely investigated, and recent evidence has shown that overweight and obese individuals may be more vulnerable to the development of anxiety and mood disorders than individuals of a normal weight. This article examines the association between BMI and mood states of mentally healthy adults. BMI and Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) scores, and other demographic information, was collected from healthy adults over a six month period (N = 1621). When age was controlled, only a small but significant negative correlation between BMI and Depression in men was found, which stands in contrasts to previous studies. This may be due to the sample of mentally healthy adults with less incidence of severe obesity due to their military background. Further, African samples may have different expressions for non-clinical distress than industrialised countries which may lead to skewed results. The findings suggests that measures of transient mood states, like the BRUMS, may not be particularly useful in investigating relationships between mental health constructs and anthropometric measures, like BMI.
Body Mass Index Does Not Affect Grooved Pegboard Performance in Healthy South African Adults  [PDF]
Charles H. van Wijk
Psychology (PSYCH) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/psych.2013.41004
Abstract:

Obesity has been associated with poorer performance on the Grooved Pegboard (GP) among healthy older adults. The GP is widely used in South Africa, among others for the assessment of HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Obesity is growing among the younger adult population inSouth Africa, which is the group also most at risk for HIV. It is not clear what the interaction between body mass and GP performance would be among a group of healthy younger adults. This study investigated whether body mass might affect fine psychomotor skills. A sample of 850 healthy adults (20 - 49 years) completed the GP and had their Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated. The relationship between GP and BMI was examined using ANOVA and correlation coefficients. The expected gender differences in GP performance found elsewhere were demonstrated in this sample. No significant interactions between BMI categories and GP times were found, and no significant correlations between BMI continuous scores and GP times were found either. In spite of the presence of a wide weight spectrum among the participants and the absence of any history of known medical disease, the lack of significant BMI-GP interactions suggest that the effect of BMI may generally be discounted when interpreting GP results.

The relationship between Locus of Control and the South African National Political Environment  [PDF]
Charles H. Van Wijk
Psychology (PSYCH) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/psych.2013.412135
Abstract:

Locus of control refers to the prediction of how reinforcements change expectancies. An internal locus of control was previously reported to be associated with access to political and economic power in “Apartheid” South Africa. The democratisation ofSouth Africagave equal access to political power to all its citizens. This study set out to investigate whether post-apartheid political changes have altered the way a group of technical engineers in the public service perceived their own ability to influence their personal lives and political environment. A total of 297 male participants with a mean age of 30 years, comprising Black, Mixed-race, and White government employees, completed Rotter’s Internality-Externality Scale. This was scored using Ferguson’s (1993) two-factor solution, which comprised of a personal and a political control factor. The scores of the three race groups were then compared. Results indicated that there were no significant differences between the groups on the total score and scores on the Personal Control factor. All participants believed in an equal internal control over their personal lives. However, Black respondents scored more external than the other race groups on the Political Control factor, indicating a perception of lesser influence over political affairs. The results suggest that the effects of the shift in political power have not fully filtered down to ordinary citizens yet.

The Appropriateness of Using the Self-Directed Search Questionnaire in Developing Countries: A Pilot Study with South African Navy Divers  [PDF]
Charles H. Van Wijk, Marilize Fourie
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2017, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2017.52007
Abstract: In contested labour markets in developing countries, vocational interest inventories could potentially match applicants to speciality occupations. This descriptive study investigated the appropriateness of career interest, represented by the SDS, to guide vocational placement in a developing country. The study applied Holland’s concepts of congruence, differentiation, and consistency of vocational profile to South African Navy divers as a case study. The 81 navy divers generated an S/R/E code, but with questionable congruence, and poor differentiation and consistency. The results suggested that the profile might reflect socioeconomic dynamics rather than the expression of personality-vocational matching, and such scales might not be useful for vocational placement in local environments. The study cautions the use of vocational guidance instruments in context of developing countries, where socio-economic considerations may outweigh personality characteristics in career choices.
Mental Wellbeing Monitoring in a Sample of Emergency Medical Service Personnel  [PDF]
Charles Van Wijk, Frans Cronje, Jack Meintjes
Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine (ODEM) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/odem.2020.81002
Abstract: Background: There have been concerns regarding the mental wellbeing of emergency medical service staff, particularly when faced with multiple trauma exposures. This study aimed to describe a cross-sectional view of the mental wellbeing status of emergency medical service workers, as well as to comment on the usefulness of an electronic survey tool to reach staff that is distributed across large geographical areas. Methods: The data presented here are drawn from an anonymous, voluntary, electronic survey, made available via the internet, to emergency medical service workers in the Western Cape province of South Africa. This paper reports on four domain expressions of mental wellbeing, namely disordered mood, problematic substance use, post-traumatic stress disorder, and domestic discord. Results: Elevated rates were reported by this sample, across all four distress domains, i.e. mood disorder = 12.3%; problematic substance use = 14.9%; post-traumatic stress disorder = 11.9%; and domestic discord = 11.9%. These rates were generally similar to data from comparable emergency worker groups, and much higher than local population estimates. Conclusions: The data support earlier findings that emergency medical work is associated with increased risk for symptoms of psychological distress, which present a strong case for regular organizational monitoring of employees’ mental wellbeing. In this regard, a brief, internet delivered, survey-type tool showed promise for screening employees, in order to guide further streaming of distressed individuals towards appropriate support services. Further work is required to develop clear mechanisms for referral and intervention in order to optimize a confidential and supportive monitoring program.
Efficient Isolation of an Anti-Cancer Sesquiterpene Lactone from Calomeria amaranthoides by Steam Distillation  [PDF]
Colin Charles Duke, Caroline van Haaften, Van Hoan Tran
Green and Sustainable Chemistry (GSC) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/gsc.2011.14020
Abstract: An efficient method of isolating an anti-cancer sesquiterpene lactone, eremophila-1(10)-11(13)-dien-12,8?- olide, was developed from fresh Calomeria amaranthoides plant material on the basis of its non-polar vola-tile property. Steam distillation of fresh plant material gave a high recovery of sesquiterpene-rich oil, 0.56%, compared with the estimated 0.66% calculated from solvent extraction of dried plant material. The ses-quiterpene-rich oil containing 58% of the sesquiterpene lactone was fractionated by the short-column vac-uum chromatography method, using minimal stationary-phase and solvent, to give the sesquiterpene lactone 95% purity, yield 41%.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Hypersensitivity in Preschool Children
Mona Kidon, Liew Kang, Chiang Chin, Lim Hoon, Van Hugo
Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology , 2007, DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-3-4-114
Abstract: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a group of medications with heterogenic chemical structures, sharing the capability of inhibiting with various degrees of specificity and efficacy the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes responsible for the prostaglandin synthetase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. This blockade also results in the shunting of arachidonic acid toward the 5-lipoxigenase pathway, resulting in increased production and release of cysteinyl leukotrienes.Although extensively studied in adults, NSAID hypersensitivity in children, especially in young children, remains a poorly defined area in both its clinical and epidemiologic aspects. ASA and NSAIDs are not widely used in this group of children, secondary to both the recognized association of ASA use and Reye syndrome [1] and the absence of appropriate preparations or studied indications for most other NSAIDs in infants and toddlers. The only extensively used preparation is ibuprofen, a propionic acid derivative and a nonspecific inhibitor of COX-1 (mainly) and COX-2, available since the early 1990s in appropriate formulary and approved for "over-the-counter" [2] use for fever and acute pain at this age.Acetaminophen, although not usually considered an NSAID medication, is the most ubiquitously used antipyretic medication in children and is included in this review of hypersensitivity reactions in small children for the reasons outlined below. An "old" medication whose mechanism of action was recently defined [3], it has no significant effect on peripheral COX-1 and COX-2. Its antipyretic effect is consistent with a central nervous system-mediated activity on a newly defined COX enzyme, COX-3, found only in the brain and spinal cord. This selective inhibition of COX-3 mediates the effect of acetaminophen in relieving pain and reducing fever without unwanted gastrointestinal side effects. Thus, although having almost no anti-inflammatory effects, even at h
Book Review: A Poor and Merciful Church: The Illuminative Ecclesiology of Pope Francis
Charles (Chuck) Van Engen
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1177/2396939318811779
Abstract:
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